A bicycle was the first means of transport, featuring two wheels pedaled manually. Over time, the humble two-wheeler evolved from a daily necessity to more of a hobby or a way to stay fit. But today, it’s entered a new chapter: the electric bicycle.

But does an electric bicycle mean a device powered entirely by an automated motor, as a layman might assume? While an e-bike does have a motor, it doesn’t take away the essence of cycling. In fact, it enhances it.

This guide explains what an e-bike really is, the key components it holds, and how they all sync together to create an effortless ride, the kind most of us are quietly looking for.

What Is an EBike: A Technical Definition

An electric bike is an assisted two-wheeler that supports your pedaling with a motor. In addition, there’s a throttle mode that functions similar to a motorcycle, but its speed is usually limited to under 28 mph, depending on the class and local regulations.

Most e-bikes fall under three classes:

· Class 1: Pedal-assist only, with no throttle, and a top speed of 20 mph.

· Class 2: Includes throttle, but is also capped at 20 mph.

· Class 3: Pedal-assist with support up to 28 mph, but mostly without throttle.

Main Components of an Ebike & Their Roles

To understand the working of an ebike, you’ll need to know what makes it run. Here are the basic parts you’ll find in all ebikes, maybe in different configurations:

Motor

Different-sized motors are used, mostly in the range of 250W to 1000W. Higher power means more torque, better load handling, and improved hill climbing. Placement can be either in the hub (rear/front) or mid-drive (near the pedals), depending on the bike type.

Battery

Most ebikes use lithium-ion batteries to power the motor. These are rechargeable and come in different sizes, affecting how far you can ride. Single and dual-battery options are available on many models for extended range.

Sensors

Sensors decide how and when to engage the motor. The two main types are:

· Cadence Sensor: Detects if you’re pedaling and turns the motor on or off accordingly.

· Torque Sensor: Measures how hard you're pedaling and adjusts motor output to match.  

PAS vs Throttle

As mentioned earlier, there are two types of systems.

PAS (Pedal Assist System): Motor kicks in when you pedal. It has different levels (PAS 1–5 or more), each affecting how much the motor assists, your speed, and range.

Throttle: Works like a scooter/motor bike. You twist or press to accelerate, no pedaling needed.

Drivetrain

The drivetrain includes the gear system, chain, and derailleur. Just like normal bikes, gears help adjust effort, especially useful when paired with pedal assist.

Brakes and Tires

Ebike braking systems are more powerful due to higher speed and weight. You’ll usually find mechanical disc brakes or hydraulic disc brakes, the latter being stronger and smoother.

Tire width also varies: thinner tires are better for road and speed, while fat tires offer more grip and comfort, especially off-road or on snow/sand.

Suspension

Suspension plays a key role in how comfortable your ebike ride feels. Most ebikes come with front suspension (fork) to absorb shocks from bumps and potholes. Some advanced models also have rear suspension, making them full-suspension bikes, known for use on trails or off-roading.

How an Ebike Works: From Pedal to Propel

Let’s consider a scenario: You sit on the bike, set your desired PAS level, and as you start pedaling, you feel that extra push, smooth and almost instant.

The cadence or torque sensor detects your movement, sends a signal to the controller, which then pulls power from the battery and sends it to the motor. The motor quietly kicks in to assist your effort, making uphill rides or headwinds feel much easier.

In throttle mode, you don’t even need to pedal. Just twist the throttle, and the motor propels the bike forward on its own.

What are Performance Factors?

A vehicle’s performance is judged in multiple ways. In cars, it is engine size and torque. In EVs, it’s range and responsiveness. Ebikes typically follow the same logic as EVs, where the focus shifts to how far and how efficiently the bike can carry you, along with how it handles different terrain and load.

Power

Power in ebikes isn’t about top speed; it determines how well the bike handles hills, heavy loads, or quick acceleration. For example, a 250W motor would be enough for city commutes. But for hill climbing, you would need a 750W, 1000W, or more to tackle such demanding conditions.

Range

Range is primarily a function of how big the battery is. More storage simply means more range. However, some other real-time factors come into play, like rider weight, weather, terrain type, and how often you switch between PAS levels or throttle use. If you use higher assist levels or throttle continuously, the battery drains faster, shortening the range.

Tires

Tire type changes how the bike grips the road and how it performs in different environments. Slick or thin tires offer better efficiency and speed on smooth roads. On the other hand, fat tires reduce top speed slightly but give you more stability and traction on sand, snow, or gravel.

Weight

Weight affects portability, balance, and motor efficiency. Heavier ebikes feel more planted but can be harder to maneuver or lift. Lightweight models are easier to carry and more efficient with the same battery size.

What type of bikes does PVY Ebikes offer?

PVY ebikes basically target a very broad set of users, so our ebikes are designed accordingly. Our versatile range includes:

Folding Ebikes

Compact foldable options that are easy to carry, store, and perfect for urban commuting or limited space.

Fat Tires Ebikes

Bikes with fat tires for added grip and comfort, ideal for all terrains. Multiple options available like PVY Z20, PVY LS20, PVY X20, and more.

Off-roading Ebikes

Dedicated bikes built for off-roading, equipped with suspension and rugged components for trails, hills, and unpaved routes.

Dual Battery Ebikes

For those who need longer assistance, we also have bikes with dual battery setups for extended rides without worrying about charge

Interested in any of these ebikes? Maybe you want to explore more specs or see which model fits your lifestyle best. Check out our full range and find your perfect ride today.